HTML TAG NOTES
1. HTML Basics:
- HTML is the standard markup language used to create the structure and presentation of web pages.
- HTML elements are defined by tags, enclosed in angle brackets (< >), and usually come in pairs (opening and closing tags).
- The basic structure of an HTML document consists of the <!DOCTYPE>, <html>, <head>, and <body> tags.
2. Document Structure:
- The <!DOCTYPE> declaration specifies the HTML version being used.
- The <html> element serves as the root element of an HTML page.
- The <head> element contains meta information, such as the title of the page, linking to CSS stylesheets, or including JavaScript files.
- The <body> element represents the content of the web page.
3. Text Formatting:
- Headings: <h1> to <h6> tags represent different levels of headings (h1 being the highest).
- Paragraphs: Use the <p> tag to define paragraphs.
- Bold and Italic: <strong> and <em> tags are used for bold and italic formatting, respectively.
- Line Break: The <br> tag inserts a line break within a paragraph.
4. Links and Images:
- Links: Use the <a> tag to create links, specifying the destination URL in the href attribute.
- Images: The <img> tag is used to embed images, specifying the source file in the src attribute.
5. Lists:
- Unordered List: Create a bulleted list using the <ul> tag, and list items using the <li> tag.
- Ordered List: Use the <ol> tag for a numbered list.
6. Tables:
- Tables: Create tables using the <table> tag, with rows defined by the <tr> tag and cells within rows defined by <td> or <th> (header) tags.
7. Forms:
- Forms: Use the <form> tag to create a form, which can contain input fields (<input>), checkboxes (<input type="checkbox">), radio buttons (<input type="radio">), and more.
8. CSS and JavaScript:
- Cascading Style Sheets (CSS): HTML can be styled using CSS to control the layout, colors, fonts, and other visual aspects of the web page.
- JavaScript: HTML pages can include JavaScript code to add interactivity and dynamic behavior to the website.
9. Semantic HTML:
- Semantic HTML refers to using HTML tags that convey meaning and define the structure of the content.
- Examples of semantic tags include <header>, <nav>, <section>, <article>, <footer>, <aside>, etc.
- By using semantic tags, you provide clearer and more meaningful structure to your web page, which is beneficial for accessibility and search engine optimization (SEO).
10. Inline Elements vs. Block Elements:
- HTML elements can be categorized as inline elements or block elements.
- Inline elements: These elements do not start on a new line and only take up the space necessary for their content. Examples include <span>, <a>, <strong>, <em>, etc.
- Block elements: These elements start on a new line and occupy the full width available. Examples include <div>, <p>, <h1> to <h6>, <ul>, <li>, etc.
- You can also modify the display property in CSS to change how elements are rendered.
11. HTML Attributes:
- HTML attributes provide additional information about an element and are specified within the opening tag.
- Common attributes include id, class, style, src, href, alt, and many more.
- Attributes help define the behavior, appearance, or functionality of an HTML element.
12. HTML Forms:
- HTML forms allow users to input data that can be submitted to a server for processing.
- Form elements include <input>, <textarea>, <select>, <button>, etc.
- Each form element has attributes such as name, type, value, placeholder, and more, which control their behavior and appearance.
- Form data is typically submitted to a server-side script using the <form> tag's action and method attributes.
13. HTML5 Features:
- HTML5 introduced several new features and elements, including <canvas> for drawing graphics, <video> and <audio> for embedding media, <nav> for navigation menus, <header> and <footer> for page sections, and more.
- HTML5 also introduced new form input types such as email, date, number, range, and others, which provide better user experience and input validation.
14. Accessibility in HTML:
- Accessibility is an important aspect of web development, ensuring that web content is usable and accessible to all users, including those with disabilities.
- HTML provides various accessibility features like using semantic tags, providing alt attributes for images, using proper headings and lists, and ensuring proper keyboard navigation.
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